Python 语法速查(二)

def gen_cube(n):
    for x in range(n):
        yield x**3
#返回generator object        
gen_cube(4) #<generator object gen_cube at 0x10567b150>
#pull value from gen_cube
list(gen_cube(4)) #[0, 1, 8, 27]

def gen_fib(n):
    a = 1
    b = 1
    for i in n:
        yield a
        a,b = b,a+b
for number in gen_fib(10):
    print(number)

def simple_gen():
    for i in range(3):
        yield i
g = simple_gen()
next(g) #0
next(g) #1
next(g) #2

s = "hello"
next(iter(s))

import re

test_phrase = 'sdsd..sssddd...sdddsddd...dsds...dsssss...sdddd'
test_patterns = [ 'sd*',     # s followed by zero or more d's
                'sd+',          # s followed by one or more d's
                'sd?',          # s followed by zero or one d's
                'sd{3}',        # s followed by three d's
                'sd{2,3}',      # s followed by two to three d's
                '[sd]',          #either s or d
                's[sd]+'        #s followed by one or more s or d
                ]
# ['sd', 'sd', 's', 's', 'sddd', 'sddd', 'sddd', 'sd', 's', 's', 's', 's', 's', 's', 'sdddd']                            
print(re.findall(test_patterns[0],test_phrase))
# ['sd', 'sd', 'sddd', 'sddd', 'sddd', 'sd', 'sdddd']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[1],test_phrase))
#['sd', 'sd', 's', 's', 'sd', 'sd', 'sd', 'sd', 's', 's', 's', 's', 's', 's', 'sd']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[2],test_phrase))
#['sddd', 'sddd', 'sddd', 'sddd']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[3],test_phrase))
#['sddd', 'sddd', 'sddd', 'sddd']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[4],test_phrase))

test_phrase = 'This is a string! But it has punctuation. How can we remove it?'
re.findall('[^!.? ]+',test_phrase)

test_phrase = 'This is an example sentence. Lets see if we can find some letters.'

test_patterns=[ '[a-z]+',      # sequences of lower case letters
                '[A-Z]+',      # sequences of upper case letters
                '[a-zA-Z]+',   # sequences of lower or upper case letters
                '[A-Z][a-z]+'] # one upper case letter followed by lower case letters

test_phrase = 'This is a string with some numbers 1233 and a symbol #hashtag'

test_patterns=[ r'\d+', # sequence of digits
                r'\D+', # sequence of non-digits
                r'\s+', # sequence of whitespace
                r'\S+', # sequence of non-whitespace
                r'\w+', # alphanumeric characters
                r'\W+', # non-alphanumeric
                ]
#['1233']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[0],test_phrase))
#['This is a string with some numbers ', ' and a symbol #hashtag']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[1],test_phrase))
#[' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[2],test_phrase))
#['This', 'is', 'a', 'string', 'with', 'some', 'numbers', '1233', 'and', 'a', 'symbol', '#hashtag']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[3],test_phrase))
#['This', 'is', 'a', 'string', 'with', 'some', 'numbers', '1233', 'and', 'a', 'symbol', 'hashtag']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[4],test_phrase))
#[' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' #']
print(re.findall(test_patterns[5],test_phrase))

from io import StringIO
# Arbitrary String
message = 'This is just a normal string.'
# Use StringIO method to set as file object
f = StringIO(message)
str = f.read() #'This is just a normal string.'
f.write(' Second line written to file like object')
# Reset cursor just like you would a file
f.seek(0)
# Read again
str = f.read() #Second line written to file like object

from collections import Counter

#统计元素出现次数
l = [1,1,1,3,3,3,4,2,2]
Counter(1) #Counter({1: 3, 3: 3, 2: 2, 4: 1})
s = 'asssvavaasvsbsa'
Counter(s) #Counter({'s': 6, 'a': 5, 'v': 3, 'b': 1})
ss = 'How How test is is gonna gonna work work work out'
words = ss.split(' ')
c = Counter(words) #Counter({'work': 3, 'How': 2, 'is': 2, 'gonna': 2, 'test': 1, 'out': 1})
c.most_common(2) 

sum(c.values())                 # total of all counts
c.clear()                       # reset all counts
list(c)                         # list unique elements
set(c)                          # convert to a set
dict(c)                         # convert to a regular dictionary
c.items()                       # convert to a list of (elem, cnt) pairs
Counter(dict(list_of_pairs))    # convert from a list of (elem, cnt) pairs
c.most_common()[:-n-1:-1]       # n least common elements
c += Counter()                  # remove zero and negative counts

from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(object)
d['one'] #访问一个不存在的key，返回一个<object object at 0x105424110>

#自定义默认value
d = defaultdict(lambda: 0) #对于不存在的key，返回value = 0
d['one'] #0

from collections import OrderedDict
d = OrderedDict()
d['a'] = 1
d['b'] = 2
d['c'] = 3
d['d'] = 4
for k,v in d.items():
    print(k,v) #顺序输出

##比较
d1 = {"a":1,"b":2}
d2 = {"b":2,"a":1}
d1 == d2 #True

d1 = OrderedDict()
d1['a'] = 1
d1['b'] = 2
d2 = OrderedDict()
d2['b'] = 2
d2['a'] = 1
d1 == d2 #False

from collections import namedtuple
Dog = namedtuple('Dog','age breed name')
sam = Dog(age=2, breed='Lab', name='Sammy')
sam.age
sam.breed
sam.name

import datetime
t = datetime.time(5,25,1) #时，分，秒
print(t) #05:25:01
print(datetime.time.min) #00:00:00
print(datetime.time.max) #23:59:59.999999
print(datetime.time.resolution) #0:00:00.000001

today = datetime.date.today()
today.timetuple()

d1 = datetime.date(2015,3,11)
print(d1)
d2 = d1.replace(year=1990)

import pdb

x = 1
y = [12,2,3]
z = 10
r1 = x+z
pdb.set_trace() #断点调试, q退出
r2 = y+z